Common words spelling that are often found in competitive exams.
A
absence
acceptable
accessible
accommodation
accomplish
achievement
acquire
address
advertisement
advice – (noun)
advise – (verb)
amateur
apartment
appearance
argument
athletic
attendance
B
basically
beginning
belief – indicating the noun
believe – indicating the verb
beneficial
business
C
calendar
campaign
category
cemetery
challenge
characteristic
cigarette
clothes
column
committee
commitment
completely
condemn
conscience
conscientious
conscious
controversy
convenient
correspondence
criticism
D
deceive
definitely
definition
department
describe
despair
desperate
development
difference
difficult
disappointed
discipline
disease
E
easily
effect
eighth
either
embarrass
encouragement
enemy
entirely
environment
especially
exaggerate
excellent
existence
experience
experiment
F
familiar
February
finally
financial
foreign
foreigner
formerly
forty
fourth
G
general
generally
genius
government
grammar
grateful
guarantee
guidance
H
happily
height
heroes
humorous
hypocrite
I
ideally
imaginary
immediate
incredible
independent
influential
insurance
intelligent
interference
interrupt
introduce
island
its – for possession
it’s – for “it is” or “it has”
J
jealous
jealousy
K
kneel
knowledge
L
later
legitimate
length
library
lightning
likely
loneliness
lose (verb)
loose (adjective)
lovely
luxurious
M
maintain
maintenance
manageable
management
manufacture
marriage
married
millionaire
misspell
mischievous
money
mortgage
muscle
mysterious
N
naturally
necessary
neighbor / neighbour
ninety
noticeable
nowadays
O
obedient
obstacle
occasional
occurred
official
opinion
opportunity
opposition
ordinary
originally
P
particular
peculiar
perceive
performance
permanent
personal
personnel
physical
physician
piece
pleasant
possession
possible
possibility
potatoes
practically
prefer
privilege
professor
professional
pronounce / pronunciation
psychology
psychological
Q
quantity
quality
questionnaire
queue
quizzes
R
realistic
realize
really
receipt
receive
recognize
recommend
religion
religious
remember
representative
restaurant
rhythm
ridiculous
roommate
S
sacrifice
safety
scared
scenery
schedule
secretary
sentence
separate
similar
sincerely
strength
surprise
suspicious
success
successful
T
technical
technique
temperature
temporary
their (possessed by them)
there (not here)
they’re (contraction of “they are”)
themselves – not themself
U
undoubtedly
unforgettable
unique
until
V
valuable
village
violence
violent
vision
volume
W
weather – indicating climate – The weather is nice today.
Wednesday
weird
whether – (indicating if)
which
woman – (singular)
women – (plural)
worthwhile
width
writing
X Y Z
yacht
young
Clause and its types
What is a Clause?
A clause is a group of related word that contains a subject as well as a verb.
A clause is a meaningful combination of words, as it can, alone, express a complete thought. A clause can be a simple sentence. Hence, clause is also sometimes defined as group of words having a subject and predicate.
It can also be said that each sentence consists of at least one clause.
Read the following simple examples of a clause:
He laughed.
I am sleeping.
He sings song.
The dark is barking.
The above examples reveal that a clause can be a simple sentence.
A clause can also be a part of a compound or complex sentence which consists of more than one clause. Read the following examples:
She is crying . (one clause)
The patient died . (one clause)
I waited for him , but he didn’t come. (two clauses)
He is going to college, because he wants to meet his friend . (two clauses)
My sister likes Biology, but I like Physics because I want to become an engineer. (three clauses)
A clause by definition is a combination of words having both subject and verb. Hence, a part of a simple sentence can also be viewed as a clause. Read the following examples:
They are laughing at a joker.
I saw him in the street.
She cooks food in the kitchen.
Note. Clauses have two major types, click to read: ‘Main Clause & Subordinate Clause’
#More About
A clause is a combination of related words containing a subject and a verb. It can be a simple sentence or a part of a compound sentence.
Examples:
She laughed. (one clause)
I waited for him , but he didn’t come . (two clauses)
Clauses have two major types:
1. Independent Clause (Main Clause)
2. Dependant Clause (Subordinate Clause)
Understanding ‘Main Clauses & Subordinate Clauses’
Read the following sentence:
I saw a man who was crying.
The above sentence has two clauses: ‘I saw a man’ and ‘who was crying’. The first clause ‘I saw a man’ gives a complete meaning and can alone stand as a complete sentence. Such a phrase is called Main or Independent clause .
On the other hand, the second clause ‘who was crying’ does not give a complete meaning and cannot (as alone) stand as a complete sentence. It depends on the main clause to give a complete meaning. Such a clause is called
Subordinate or Dependent clause.
Main or Independent Clause:
Main clause or Independent clause is that clause which expresses a complete meaning. It alone can stand as a sentence.
Examples
I saw a man who was crying.
The professor asked many questions but no one could answer.
I met a friend who helped me a lot.
They contacted the customer who had not paid the bill.
He does not like the people who smoke.
We met a man who could speak many languages.
She loves her husband , who never tells a lie.
Subordinate or Dependent Clause:
Subordinate clause or Dependence clause is that clause which (as alone part) cannot express a complete meaning. It alone cannot stand as a sentence because it depends on the other clause (independent clause) to give a complete meaning. It serves a subordinate role in the sentence.
Examples:
I saw a man who was crying.
The professor asked many questions
but no one could answer.
I met a friend who had helped me a lot .
They contacted the customer who had not paid the bill .
He does not like the people who smoke.
We met a man who could speak many languages.
She loves her husband, who never tells a lie.
Dependent Clauses have further three types:
1. Noun Clause
2. Adjective Clause
3. Adverb Clause
More in detail
Types of Subordinate Clauses
A clause is a group of words containing both subject and a verb. There are two major types of clauses: Main Clause or Independent Clause and Subordinate or dependent clause.
I saw a man who was crying.
The part of the above sentence ‘I saw a man’ can alone stand as an independent sentence because it gives complete meaning. Such a clause is called main clause or independent clause. On the other hand, the remaining part of the above sentence ‘who was crying’ cannot (as alone) stand as an independent sentence. It cannot (as alone part) give complete meaning because it depends on the main clause to become a complete sentence and give a complete idea. Such a clause is called subordinate clause or dependent clause.
Types of Subordinate Clause
A subordinate clause can act as an adjective, a noun or an adverb in a sentence. There are three types of Subordinate Clause depending upon its function in a sentence:
1. Noun Clause
2. Adverb Clause
3. Adjective Clause
NOUN CLAUSE
A subordinate clause which acts as a noun in a sentence is called a Noun Clause. It usually starts with words such as ‘that, what, whatever, who, whom, whoever, whomever’. It acts exactly like a noun in a sentence. It can work as a noun either at the place of a subject or an object.
Examples:
Whatever we study increases our knowledge. (Noun as a subject)
What you eat determines your body-size. (Noun as a subject)
I buy whatever I need. (Noun as an object)
Now I realized what you had thought. (Noun as an object)
ADJECTIVE CLAUSE
A subordinate clause which acts as an adjective in a sentence is called an Adjective Clause. Like an adjective, it modifies (add information to) a noun or pronoun in the sentence. An adjective clause mostly starts with relative pronouns such as ‘that, who, whom, whose, which, or whose’.
Examples:
I saw a child who was crying. (modifies noun: child)
He hates the people who waste time . (modifies noun: people)
I watch a movie which amused me a lot. (modifies noun: movie)
The car, which I like , consumes less fuel. (modifies noun: car )
The building, where he lives, consists of many apartments. (modifies noun: building )
Where the happiness lies.
A rich man looked through his window and saw a poor man picking something from his dustbin … He said, Thank GOD I’m not poor.
The poor man looked around and saw a naked man misbehaving on the street … He said, Thank GOD I’m not mad.
The mad man looked ahead and saw an ambulance carrying a patient … He said, Thank GOD am not sick.
Then a sick person in hospital saw a trolley taking a dead body to the mortuary … He said, Thank GOD I’m not dead.
Only a dead person cannot thank God.
Why don’t you thank GOD today for all your blessings and for the gift of life … for another beautiful day.
life-wallpaper.jpg
What is LIFE ???
To understand life better, you have to go to 3 locations :
1. Hospital
2. Prison
3. Cemetery
At the Hospital, you will understand that nothing is more beautiful than HEALTH.
In the Prison, you’ll see that FREEDOM is the most precious thing.
At the Cemetery, you will realize that life is worth nothing. The ground that we walk today will be our roof tomorrow.
Quotes-About-Life.jpg
Sad Truth :
We all come with Nothing and we will go with Nothing … Let us, therefore, remain humble; be thankful and grateful to God at all times for everything.
English Idioms and their Meanings
English Idioms and their Meanings
Ways to improve English
English is a colossal dialect and can’t be aced in a solitary day.
With a specific end goal to enhance your vocabulary, the language you have to peruse daily papers, books day by day and allude to the lexicon promptly to comprehend the importance of each new word that you run over. Coursework Writing Service Record it on a paper and amend it each and every day till you have aced it. Read each and every day simply like your breath.
Module your earphones and tune in to the complement of the word in Google(definitely helps a ton).
xyz
The most effortless and the least expensive approach to enhance your written work aptitudes is to watch motion pictures of the class and dialect with or without subtitles. In view of your comprehension, compose the narrative of a solitary motion picture totally in basic English and advise your companion or connection to peruse it. On the off chance that he/she can comprehend the story then it doesn’t make a difference. If not, you have to take a shot at your written work aptitudes step by step however with one point at any given moment. Try not to surge. Try not to feel irritated. Try not to stop effortlessly. Try not to duplicate and glue somebody’s substance. Try not to feel anxious and prideful. At the point when the time is correct, you will be valued.
There are numerous online assets (or books) to help you with vocabulary, syntax, and composing.
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Be that as it may, initial an inquiry: would you say you are enhancing your vocabulary and sentence structure just to write or for talking also?
It is essential to recognize what you’re attempting to enhance and why. For instance, in case you’re planning for a written work exam (IELTS or TOEFL), at that point you would need to concentrate on assets that will enable you to fabricate those particular aptitudes.
For building your vocabulary, it is essential to get genuine practice with English. You can do this through tuning in (podcasts, radio projects, TV, films, and so on.) or perusing (daily papers, magazines, online journals, books, and so forth.). I generally suggest concentrating on themes you’re keen on so you appreciate the procedure.
In case you’re planning to enhance your English general, at that point here are a few proposals.<img src="https://gazisarif.files.wordpress.com/2018/03/download-6.jpg" alt="download-6" width="269" height="187" class="alignnone size-full
Modifier For the HSC learners.
If a word or group of words sits before or after nouns/ verbs/ adverbs/ adjectives to modify them is called modifier.
Again, if a word or group of words that describes, modifies, qualifies or limits a verb, noun, adjective or adverb is called Modifier. If modifiers apply to nouns, they are called adjectives. If modifiers apply to verbs, adjectives or adverbs, they are called adverbs.
Generally, if we remove the modifiers from the sentences, they don’t affect any sentences because modifiers are additional part of a sentence. In fact, they are used to make sentences more effective, attentive, clarifying and understanding.
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Here I will discuss in accordance with the Board syllabus of HSC exam.According to the definition, there are two types of modifiers:
1) Pre-modifiers
2) Post-modifiers
>> Pre-modifiers: Pre-modifiers sit before a noun/ verb/ adverb/ adjective to modify it.
Example: He is a schoolboy.
[as the boy of the sentence is a noun, it has been modified by school which has taken its position right before the noun (boy). So,School is a Pre-modifierhere.]
>> Post-modifiers: Post-modifiers sit after a noun/ verb/ adverb/ adjective to modify it.
Example: Mr Mashrafi, the captain of Bangladesh cricket team, is a real patriotic.
[here, as Mr Mashrafi is a noun of the sentence, it has been modified by the captain of Bangladesh cricket team which has taken its position right after the noun (Mr Mashrafi). So, the captain of Bangladesh cricket teamis a Post-modifier here.]
Now we I discuss on the topics given by theBoard :
1. Pre-modify the Noun: Here should be a word or group of words which will work like an ADJECTIVE or NOUN-ADJECTIVE. Basically, we have a use an Adjective before a Noun.
⇒Example: We tried our best to complete the work but we didn’t have _____ time to do that.
➺ Ans (probable): enough/ much/ a lot of/ plenty of, etc.
➠Explanation: Look at the above answers. All the answers are Adjectives as only adjectives can modify the Noun.
2. Post-modify the Noun with an Appositive: Here should be a word or group of words which will work like a NOUN and will give or indicate some extra information about the previous NOUN.
[Here it is- “An appositive is a noun or pronoun that renames or identifies another noun or pronoun right beside it in some way. An appositive phrase consists of an appositive and its modifiers.”
⇒Example: My friend Shammi, ________, was driving.
➺ Ans (probable): a famous singer/ a popular actress/ a good human being/ a famous athlete, etc.
➠Explanation: Look at the above answers. All the answers are Adverbs as only adverbs can modify the verbs.
3. Pre-modify the Noun using Demonstrative: Here should be a word which will work like a demonstrative pronoun/ demonstrative adjective. When a demonstrative sits before a Noun, it is called a demonstrative adjective. There are four demonstratives- This/ that/ these/ those.
⇒Example: To save _____ boy, he took a lot of risks.
➺ Ans (probable): that.
➠Explanation: Look at the above answer. The answer is specific here and it is only THAT which sits before the boy (a noun) to modify it.
4. Pre-modify the Noun using a Noun Adjective: Here should be a word or words which will be noun but will work like an Adjective as its position is before a noun.
⇒Example: Wewalked a lot and so, we stood under a big ______ tree to take some rest.
➺ Ans (probable): mango/ banyan/ jack-fruit, etc.
➠Explanation: Look at the above answers. All the answers are Nouns [name of trees]. As they sit before a noun [tree], they are called noun adjectives.
5. Post-modify the Verb with Adverb/ Adverbial: Here should be a word or group of words which will work like anADVERB.
⇒Example: I experienced a very interesting incident _____ on my way to Tangail.
➺ Ans (probable): last week/ last night/ last month/ yesterday/ a few days ago, etc.
➠Explanation: Look at the above answers. All the answers areAdverbs as only adverbs can modify the verbs.
 |
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6. Post-modify the Verb with an infinitive: Here should be a word or group of words which will work like an Infinitive.
Infinitives/ infinitive phrases are formed-“to+ base form of verb”.
⇒Example: Mita became extremely happy _____ after a long time.
➺ Ans (probable): to see me/ to meet him/ to come here, etc.
➠Explanation: Look at the above answers. All the answers are Infinitives as they have been formed using this formula to+ present form of verb.
7.Pre-modify the Verb using participle: Here should be a word or group of words which will work like aNOUN+ADJECTIVEsimultaneously and that word is calledPresent Participle. It forms taking “ing” with the base form of verb(ing+ present form of verbs).
⇒Example: ______, Tamalika was shocked.
➺ Ans (probable): Seeing the damage of her new car.
➠Explanation: Look at the above answer. Here seeing is the participle of this answer as it has taken its position before Damage which is working here as a noun. So, before noun, anything is an Adjective and participle also works like an adjective.
8.Post-modify the Adjective with an infinitive: Here should be a word or group of words which will work like an Infinitive.
Infinitives/ infinitive phrases are formed- “to+ base form of verb”.
⇒Example: Mita became extremely happy _____ after a long time.
➺ Ans (probable): to see me/ to meet him/ to come here, etc.
➠Explanation: Look at the above answers. All the answers are Infinitives as they have been formed using this formula to+ present form of verb.
9.Pre-modify the Adjective using an intensifier: Here should be a word or group of words which will work like an ADVERB or ADVERBIAL PHRASE.
Intensifiers are adverbs or adverbial phrases that strengthen the meaning of other expressions and show emphasis. Words that we commonly use as intensifiers include absolutely, completely, extremely, highly, quite, rather, really, so, too, totally, utterly, very and at all.
⇒Example: Mita became ______ happy to see me after a long time.
➺ Ans (probable): highly/ very/ quite/ extremely/ absolutely/ tremendous, etc.
➠Explanation: Look at the above answers. All the answers are Adverbs as only adverbs can modify the adjectives.
10.Pre-modify the Adjective using Demonstrative: Here should be a word or group of words which will work like a Demonstrative pronoun & it will sit before an Adjective.
[See Rule no-3 for more about Demonstrative.]
⇒Example: We can never forget ______ lovely sea birds.
➺ Ans (probable): these.
➠Explanation: Look at the above answer. As Lovely sea birds (here LOVELY is an adjective) refer to the plural number and the sentence is in Present Tense, the answer should beThese.
[For more about Demonstrative see Rule no-3.].
11.Post-modify the Adjective: Here should be a word or group of words which will work like a Noun as we know noun takes its position after adjective.
⇒Example: It is high ______ we left the place.
➺ Ans (probable): time.
➠Explanation: Look at the above answer. As high of the given example is an adjective so there should be a NOUN after it.
12.Pre-modify the Noun using Possessive: Here should be a word or group of words which will work like anAdjective as we know Possessive takes its position before a Noun. In fact, when possessive pronouns sit before nouns, they are called Possessive adjectives. In short, anything sits before noun is generally calledAdjective.
Possessive adjectives are- my/ our/ your/ their/ his/ her/its, etc. When these words are used before Nouns, they are called Possessive Adjectives and when not, are called Possessive Pronouns.
⇒Example: Without the knowledge of English with proper understanding, you can’t complete ______ higher studies as most of the books are written in English in the process of higher education.
➺ Ans (probable): your.
➠Explanation: Look at the above answer. As higher studies of the given example is a Noun so, there should be an Adjective before it.
13. Post-modify the Verb with Prepositional Phrase: Here should be a word or group of words which will work like a Preposition. We should remember that Prepositional Phrase starts with a preposition and ends with a noun. In fact, aprepositional phrasemust have an Object.
⇒Example: Without having good command over English, you will suffer ______ of your life.
➺ Ans (probable): in the long run.
➠Explanation: Look at the above answer. Here in the long run is a prepositional phrase as it has started with a preposition (in), it has an article (the) and it has ended with a noun (long run). So, it is a prepositional phrase.
14.Pre-modify the Noun with a Determiner: Here should be a word or group of words which will work like an ADJECTIVE. But there are some specific words in this regard. You have to use a word/ words from the below list.
➤ Articles: a, an, the.
➤ Demonstrative: this, that, these, those.
➤ Distributive: all, both, half, either, neither, each, every, etc.
➤ Possessive: my, his, her, our, their, its, your.
➤ Quantifiers: a little, a few, much, many, a lot of, some, most, no, any, enough, etc.
➤ Number: one, ten, twelve, thirty, hundred, etc.
➤ Difference Words:other, another.
➤ Pre-determiners [Pre-determiners are normally placed before an indefinite article + adjective + noun to express an opinion about the noun they modify.]: such, what, rather, quite, etc.
⇒Example: Actually, the fox wants to cut off our tails because he has _____ tail of his own.
➺ Ans (probable): no.
➠Explanation: Look at the above answer. The answer is a Determiner as it is found in the above list of determiners. And it has taken its position before a noun to pre-modify Tail.
15.Post-modify the Noun with Adjective Clause: Here should be a word or group of words which will work like an ADJECTIVE Clause.Generally, adjective clause follows this structure: Noun + Relative Pronoun (that, what, where, which, who, how, why, whom, etc) + extension. It means adjective clause appears immediately following the Noun or just after the Noun which will be modified.
⇒Example: There is hardly any educational institution _______.
➺ Ans (probable): where the local children can get admitted to continue their education.
➠Explanation: Look at the above answer. The answer is a Adjective Clause as it is appeared just after the noun(institution). And it has started with a relative pronounWhere.
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Transformation of sentence
Sariful Islam (Sarif),B.A & M.A in English, Comilla University.
A tiny attempt on transformation of sentences.
Affirmative to Negative
1. Only(Person)—-None but
Affer: Only Paul can do this.
Nega: None but Paul can do this.
Aff: Only Allah can help us.
Neg: None but Allah can help us.
2. Only (Things)——-Nothing but
Affer: Only tree can give us oxygen.
Nega: Nothing but tree can give us oxygen.
Aff: He likes only sweet.
Neg: He likes nothing but sweet.
3. Only (Age) ——Not more than /Not less than
Affer: Christina is only fourteen.
Nega: Christina is not more than fourteen. Aff: He is only ten.
Neg: He is not more than ten.
4. Only (Number)—–Not more than /
Not less than
Affer: He has only fifty TK.
Nega: He has not more than fifty TK.
Aff: The man has only a shirt.
Neg: The man has not more than a shirt.
5. Alone (Person) ——None but
Affer: Peter alone can give the solution.
Nega: None but Peter can give you solution.
Aff: Allah alone can save us.
Neg: None but Allah can save us.
6. Must—-Can’t but /Can’t help+verb+ing
Affer: I must abide by my parents.
Nega: I can’t but abide by my patents.
Aff: You must obey your parents.
Neg: You cannot but obey your parents. /
You cannot help obeying your parents.
7. Have to—–Can’t but /Can’t help + verb+ing
Affer: You have study regularly.
Nega: You can’t help studying regularly.
Aff: We have to leave this beautiful world.
Neg: We cannot but leave this beautiful world. /We cannot help leaving this beautiful world.
8. Has to—–Can’t but /Can’t help + verb+ing
Affer: He has to obey the rules.
Nega: He can’t help obeying the rules.
Aff: He has to run his family.
Neg: He cannot but run his family. /
He cannot help running his family.
9. Had to—-Couldn’t but /Couldn’t help + verb+ing
Affer: I had to go there.
Nega: I couldn’t but go there.
Aff: I had to join the study tour.
Neg: I could not but join the study tour. /
I could not help joining the study tour.
10. Need to—–Can’t but /Can’t help + verb+ing
Affer: They need to repair the damaged car.
Nega: They can’t but need to repair the damaged car.
Aff: I need to go there.
Neg: I cannot but go there. /I cannot help going there.
11. Needed to—–Couldn’t but /Couldn’t help + verb+ing
Affer: They needed some money to buy the car.
Nega: They couldn’t but need some money to buy the car.
Aff: I needed to go there.
Neg: I could not but go there. /I could not help going there.
12. Many—-Not a few
Affer: I have many friends.
Nega: I have not a few friends.
Aff: I have many friends.
Neg: I have not a few friends.
13 A few——Not many
Affer: They have a few cars
Nega: They have not many cars.
Aff: I have a few friends.
I have not many friends.
14. A little—-Not much
Affer: He has a little sugar.
Nega: He has not much sugar.
Aff: I have a little rice.
Neg: I have not much rice.
15. much—–Not a little
Affer: You have much oil to cook the flesh.
Nega: You have not a little oil to cook the flesh.
Aff: He has much money.
Neg: He has not a little money.
16. As soon as—-No sooner had …..than
Affer: As soon as we saw the thief , we called the police.
Nega: No sooner had we seen the thief than we called the police.
Aff: As soon as the thief saw the police, he ran away.
Neg: No sooner had the thief seen the police then he ran away.
17. Scarcely ……when No sooner had …..than
Affer: Scarcely had the thief seen the police when he fled away.
Nega: No sooner had the thief seen the police than he does away.
Aff: Scarcely had the thief seen the police when he fled away.
Neg: No sooner had the thief seen the police than he fled away.
18. Hardly …..when No sooner had …..than
Affer: Hardly had the Bird seen the hunter when it fled away.
Nega: No sooner had the bird seen the hunter than it flew away.
Aff: Hardly had the bird seen the hunter when it flew away.
Neg: No sooner had the bird seen the hunter than it flew away.
19. Every + Noun
Every mother—-There is no+noun+but+verb /There is no ….. who does not+ verb
Affer: Ever mother loves her child.
Nega: There is no mother but lives her child.
Aff: Every mother loves her child.
Neg: There is no mother but loves her child. /There is no mother who does not love her child.
20 As …….as—–Not less ….than /No less ….than
Affer: My father is as wise as our headmaster.
Nega: My father is not less wise than our headmaster.
Aff: My father is as wise as our Headmaster.
Neg: My father is not less wise then our Headmaster.
21. Less ……. than Not as …..as Affer: Your clock is less smart than my clock.
Nega: My clock is not as smart as your clock.
Aff: My father is less wise then our Headmaster.
Neg: My father is not as wise as our Headmaster.
22. Both ….and Not only ……but also
Affer: Philip is both a student and part-timer.
Nega: Philip is not only a student but also a part-timer.
Aff: He is both a student and a player.
Neg: He is not only a student but also a player.
23 Too …….to—–So ……..that Affer: Peter is too weak to walk.
Nega: Peter is so weak that he can’t walk.
Aff: He is too weak to walk.
Neg: He is so week that he cannot walk.
24. Sometimes Do not always / Does not always
Did not always / Not always
Affer: Christina sometimes comes to our house.
Nega: Christina doesn’t always come to our home
Aff: Abed sometimes comes to our house.
Neg: Abed does not always come to our house.
25. Always Never + adjective’s antonym
Affer: Natali always came early.
Nega: Natali never came at late.
Aff: Diba was always punctual.
Neg: Diba was never late.
26. For the last time—–Never …..again
Affer: He came here for the last time.
Nega: He never came here again.
Aff: He came here for the last time.
Neg: He never came here again.
27 For good—-Never …..again
Affer: He has given up smoking for good.
Nega: He will never smoke again.
Aff: He has given up smoking for good.
Neg: He will never smoke again.
28. For ever Never …..again
Affer: He has left the village forever.
Nega: He will never come to this village again
Aff: He has left the village for ever.
Neg: He will never come to his village again.
29. Affirmative word—Not + antonym
Affer: The man is happy.
Nega: The man is not unhappy.
Aff: The man is happy.
Neg: The man is not unhappy.
30. Universal truth—-Negative Interrogative (auxiliary +n’t)
Affer: Health is wealth.
Nega: Isn’t health wealth?
Aff: Health is wealth.
Neg: Isn’t health wealth?
Assertive to Interrogative
Assertive—-Interrogative: Example
1. None, No one, No man, No person, Nobody——————————Who + verb + …….? /Can / Could anybody + verb ………..?
Asser: None can avoid death.
Inter: Who can avoid death? /
Can anyone avoid death?
2. Everybody, Everyone, Everyman, all, all men + very———Who does not / did not/ who cannot /who could not + verb + …….?
Asser: Everybody wants to be happy
Inter: Who does not wan o be happy?
3. Everybody, Everyone, Everyman, all, all men + ‘to be’ verb——-Who is not / Who was not + ……..?
Asser: All are equal in the eye of law.
Inter: Who is not equal in the eye of law?
4 Every + noun———Every mother
Every father Is there any + noun who does not + verb …….?
Asser: Every mother loves her child.
Inter: Is there any mother who does not love her child?
5. Never——Ever
Asser: Abed never tells a lie.
Inter: Does Abed ever tell a lie?
6. Nothing—–Anything
Asser: Nothing can prevent me.
Inter: Can anything stop me?
7 There is no use + noun (——What is the use of + ………?
Asser: There is no use of this machine.
Inter: What is the use of this machine?
8. There is nobody + adjective + than ———-Who is + adjective + than ……..?
Asser: There is nobody wiser than her.
Inter: Who is wiser than her?
9. Nothing but————What ……..but …… ?
Asser: Life is nothing but a hell.
Inter: What is life but a hell?
Assertive to Imperative
Assertive Imperative: Example
1. You do not + verb Don’t + verb
Asser: You do not run in the sun.
Imper: Don’t run in the sun.
2. You should noyt + verb Don’t + verb
Asser: You should not go there.
Imper: Don’t go there.
3. You should always + verb———Always + verb ….. Asser: You should always speak the truth.
Imper: Always speak the truth.
4. You should never——-Never +verb…….
Asser: You should never tell a lie.
Imper: Never tell a lie.
5. We should + verb————Let’s + verb ……..
Asser: We should walk by the side of a river.
Imper: Let’s walk by the side of a river.
6. I request you to + verb +……—————Please + verb object/ complement
Asser: I request you to open the door.
Imper: Please open the door.
7. I advise you to + verb …….——– Please + verb object/ complement
Asser: I advise you to do the sum.
Imper: Please do the sum
8. You should + verb + object——–Please + verb object/ complement
Asser: You should eat rice.
Imper: Please eat rice.
Assertive to Exclamatory
Assertive Exclamatory: Example
1. I wish I were+…..———Had I been
Asser: I wish I were a king.
Excla: Had I been a king!
2. I wish I had+……..————–Had I /If I had Would that I had
Asser: I wish I had the wings of birds.
Excla: Had I the wings of birds.
3. Very/ a lot How+adjective /adverb…..+subject+verb
Asser: He is vey handsome boy
Excla: How handsome boy he is!
4. A very/a great/a most———What a /what an+adjective /adverb
Asser: She is a great fool.
Excla: What a great fool she is!
5. Sub+wish to/desire to/long for/want to……. ———–If+sub+could+verb
Asser: I wish to a doctor.
Excla: If I could be a doctor!
6. They+exited/cried out+that….———Noun!+no in!+noun!
Asser: They cried out that it was a tiger.
Excla: Tiger!tiger!tiger!
7. They cried out for help—–Help!Help!Help!
Asser: They cried out for help.
Excla: Help!Help!Help!
8. They shouted to stop—-৭Stop!Stop!Stop!
Asser: They shouted to help.
Excla: Stop!Stop!Stop!
N.B: Before a noun we place what and before an adjective how.
Positive =>Comparative=>Superlative
Positive Comparative Superlative
1 No other
pos: No other boy is as good as he.———Than any other
He is better——- than any other boy.——–The +superlative
He is the best boy.
2. Very few
Vey few city is as busy as Dhaka.
Than most other
Dhaka is busier than most other City. One of the
Dhaka is one of the busiest city.
3 As/so…….as
Paul is as wise as Peter Not more/not less……than
Peter is not met wise than Paul XXXXXXXXXX
Next attempt Simple,complex and compound insa-Allah.
Attempted by Sariful Islam (Sarif)
http://www.gazisarif.wordPress.com
E-mail:sarifmeds@gmail.com
Call : 01913 003 228
Transformation
Sariful Islam (Sarif)
B.A & M.A in English, Comilla University.
A tiny attempt on transformation of sentences.
Affirmative to Negative
Affirmative sentence এ নিম্নোক্ত শব্দাবলি থাকলে নিম্নরুপ হয়ে থাকে।
1 Only(Person) হলে None but
Affer: Only Paul can do this.
Nega: None but Paul can do this. Aff: Only Allah can help us.
Neg: None but Allah can help us.
2 Only (Things) হলে Nothing but
Affer: Only tree can give us oxygen.
Nega: Nothing but tree can give us oxygen.
Aff: He likes only sweet.
Neg: He likes nothing but sweet.
3 Only (Age) হলে Not more than /
Not less than
Affer: Christina is only fourteen.
Nega: Christina is not more than fourteen. Aff: He is only ten.
Neg: He is not more than ten.
4 Only(Number ) হলে Not more than /
Not less than
Affer: He has only fifty TK.
Nega: He has not more than fifty TK. Aff: The man has only a shirt.
Neg: The man has not more than a shirt.
5 Alone (Person) হলে None but
Affer: Peter alone can give the solution.
Nega: None but Peter can give you solution. Aff: Allah alone can save us.
Neg: None but Allah can save us.
6 Must হলেCan’t but /
Can’t help+verb+ing
Affer: I must abide by my parents.
Nega: I can’t but abide by my patents. Aff: You must obey your parents.
Neg: You cannot but obey your parents. /
You cannot help obeying your parents.
7 Have to হলে Can’t but /
Can’t help + verb+ing
Affer: You have study regularly.
Nega: You can’t help studying regularly. Aff: We have to leave this beautiful world.
Neg: We cannot but leave this beautiful world. /
We cannot help leaving this beautiful world.
8 Has to Can’t but /
Can’t help + verb+ing
Affer: He has to obey the rules.
Nega: He can’t help obeying the rules. Aff: He has to run his family.
Neg: He cannot but run his family. /
He cannot help running his family.
9 Had to Couldn’t but /
Couldn’t help + verb+ing Affer: I had to go there.
Nega: I couldn’t but go there. Aff: I had to join the study tour.
Neg: I could not but join the study tour. /
I could not help joining the study tour.
10 Need to হলে Can’t but /
Can’t help + verb+ing
Affer: They need to repair the damaged car.
Nega: They can’t but need to repair the damaged car.
Aff: I need to go there.
Neg: I cannot but go there. /
I cannot help going there.
11 Needed to হলে Couldn’t but /
Couldn’t help + verb+ing
Affer: They needed some money to buy the car.
Nega: They couldn’t but need some money to buy the car.
Aff: I needed to go there.
Neg: I could not but go there. /
I could not help going there.
12 Many হলে Not a few
Affer: I have many friends.
Nega: I have not a few friends.
Aff: I have many friends.
Neg: I have not a few friends.
13 A few হলে Not many
Affer: They have a few cars
Nega: They have not many cars.
Aff: I have a few friends.
Nega: I have not many friends.
14 A little হলে Not much
Affer: He has a little sugar.
Nega: He has not much sugar.
Aff: I have a little rice.
Neg: I have not much rice.
15 much Not a little
Affer: You have much oil to cook the flesh.
Nega: You have not a little oil to cook the flesh.
Aff: He has much money.
Neg: He has not a little money.
16 As soon as হলে No sooner had …..than
Affer: As soon as we saw the thief , we called the police.
Nega:No sooner had we seen the thief than we called the police.
Aff: As soon as the thief saw the police, he ran away.
Neg: No sooner had the thief seen the police then he ran away.
17 Scarcely ……when হলেNo sooner had …..than
Affer: Scarcely had the thief seen the police when he fled away.
Nega: No sooner had the thief seen the police than he does away.
Aff: Scarcely had the thief seen the police when he fled away.
Neg: No sooner had the thief seen the police than he fled away.
18 Hardly …..when হলে No sooner had …..than
Affer: Hardly had the Bird seen the hunter when it fled away.
Nega: No sooner had the bird seen the hunter than it flew away.
Aff: Hardly had the bird seen the hunter when it flew away.
Neg: No sooner had the bird seen the hunter than it flew away.
19 Every + Noun
Every mother হলে There is no +noun+but+verb /
There is no ….. who does not+ verb
Affer: Ever mother loves her child.
Nega: There is no mother but lives her child.
Aff: Every mother loves her child.
Neg: There is no mother but loves her child. /
There is no mother who does not love her child.
20 As …….as Not less ….than /
No less ….than Affer: My father is as wise as our headmaster.
Nega: My father is not less wise than our headmaster.
Aff: My father is as wise as our Headmaster.
Neg: My father is not less wise then our Headmaster.
21 Less ……. than হলে Not as …..as Affer: Your clock is less smart than my clock.
Nega: My clock is not as smart as your clock.
Aff: My father is less wise then our Headmaster.
Neg: My father is not as wise as our Headmaster.
22 Both ….and হলে Not only ……but also
Affer: Philip is both a student and part-timer.
Nega: Philip is not only a student but also a part-timer.
Aff: He is both a student and a player.
Neg: He is not only a student but also a player.
23 Too …….to হলে So ……..that
Affer: Peter is too weak to walk.
Nega: Peter is so weak that he can’t walk.
Aff: He is too weak to walk.
Neg: He is so week that he cannot walk.
24 Sometimes হলে Do not always / Does not always
Did not always / Not always
Affer: Christina sometimes comes to our house.
Nega: Christina doesn’t always come to our home
Aff: Abed sometimes comes to our house.
Neg: Abed does not always come to our house.
25 Always হলে Never + adjective’s antonym
Affer: Natali always came early.
Nega: Natali never came at late.
Aff: Diba was always punctual.
Neg: Diba was never late.
26 For the last time হলে Never …..again
Affer: He came here for the last time.
Nega: He never came here again.
Aff: He came here for the last time.
Neg: He never came here again.
27 For good হলে Never …..again
Affer: He has given up smoking for good.
Nega: He will never smoke again.
Aff: He has given up smoking for good.
Neg: He will never smoke again.
28 For ever হলে Never …..again
Affer: He has left the village forever.
Nega: He will never come to this village again
Aff: He has left the village for ever.
Neg: He will never come to his village again.
29 Affirmative word Not + antonym Affer: The man is happy.
Nega: The man is not unhappy.
Aff: The man is happy.
Neg: The man is not unhappy.
30 Universal truth হলে Negative Interrogative
( auxiliary +n’t)
Affer: Health is wealth.
Nega: Isn’t health wealth?
Aff: Health is wealth.
Neg: Isn’t health wealth?
Assertive to Interrogative
Assertive to Interrogative এর ক্ষেত্রে Example হল
1 None, No one, No man, No person, Nobody হলে Who + verb + …….? /
Can / Could anybody + vN.Berb ………..?
Asser: None can avoid death.
Inter: Who can avoid death? /
Can anyone avoid death?
2 Everybody, Everyone, Everyman, all, all men + verb হলে Who does not / did not/ who cannot /who could not + verb + …….?
Asser: Everybody wants to be happy
Inter: Who does not wan o be happy?
3 Everybody, Everyone, Everyman, all, all men + ‘to be’ verb হলে Who is not / Who was not + ……..?
Asser: All are equal in the eye of law.
Inter: Who is not equal in the eye of law?
4 Every + noun /Every mother/
Every father হলে Is there any + noun who does not + verb …….?
Asser: Every mother loves her child.
Inter: Is there any mother who does not love her child?
5 Never হলে Ever
Asser: Abed never tells a lie.
Inter: Does Abed ever tell a lie?
6 Nothing হলে Anything
Asser: Nothing can prevent me.
Inter: Can anything stop me?
7 There is no use + noun …… হলে What is the use of + ………?
Asser: There is no use of this machine.
Inter: What is the use of this machine?
8 There is nobody + adjective + than .. …. হলে Who is + adjective + than ……..?
Asser: There is nobody wiser than her.
Inter: Who is wiser than her?
9 Nothing but হলে What ……..but …… ? Asser: Life is nothing but a hell.
Inter: What is life but a hell?
Assertive to Imperative
Assertive to Imperative এর ক্ষেত্রে Example
1. You do not + verb হলে Don’t + verb Asser: You do not run in the sun.
Imper: Don’t run in the sun.
2. You should not + verb হলে Don’t + verb
Asser: You should not go there.
Imper: Don’t go there.
3. You should always + verb হলে Always + verb …..
Asser: You should always speak the truth.
Imper: Always speak the truth.
4. You should never হলে Never + verb…….
Asser: You should never tell a lie.
Imper: Never tell a lie.
5. We should + verb …….. হলে
Let’s + verb ……..
Asser: We should walk by the side of a river.
Imper: Let’s walk by the side of a river.
6. I request you to + verb +…. হলে Please + verb object/ complement
Asser: I request you to open the door.
Imper: Please open the door.
7. I advise you to + verb ……. হলে Please + verb object/ complement. Asser: I advise you to do the sum.
Imper: Please do the sum.
8. You should + verb + object Please + verb object/ complement
Asser: You should eat rice.
Imper: Please eat rice.
Assertive to Exclamatory
Assertive to Exclamatory এর ক্ষেত্রে Example
1 I wish I were+….. হলে Had I been Asser: I wish I were a king.
Excla: Had I been a king!
2 I wish I had+……. হলে Had I /If I had Would that I had.
Asser: I wish I had the wings of birds.
Excla: Had I the wings of birds.
3 Very/ a lot How+adjective /adverb…..+subject+verb.
Asser: He is vey handsome boy
Excla: How handsome boy he is!
4 A very/a great/a most What a /what an+adjective /adverb.
Asser: She is a great fool.
Excla: What a great fool she is!
5 Sub+wish to/desire to/long for/want to……. হলে If+sub+could+verb.
Asser: I wish to a doctor.
Excla: If I could be a doctor!
6 They+exited/cried out+that…. হলে Noun!+noun!+noun!
Asser: They cried out that it was a tiger.
Excla: Tiger!tiger!tiger!
7 They cried out for help Help!Help!Help!
Asser: They cried out for help.
Excla: Help!Help!Help!
8 They shouted to stop হলে Stop!Stop!Stop! Asser: They shouted to help.
Excla: Stop!Stop!Stop!
N.B: Before a noun we place what and before an adjective how.
Positive =>Comparative=>Superlative
Positive হতে Comparative এবং Superlative করার জন্যে
1 No other হলে comparative ও। superlative করার সময় যথাক্রমে Than any other ও The +superlative হয়।
No other boy is as good as he.
He is better than any other boy.
He is the best boy.
2 Very few থাকলে যথাক্রমে Than most other ও One of the হয়।
Pos: Vey few city is as busy as Dhaka.
Com: Dhaka is busier than most other City.
Sup: Dhaka is one of the busiest city.
3 As/so…….as হলে Not more/not less……than হয়।
Pos: Paul is as wise as Peter
Com: Peter is not met wise than Paul XXXXXXXXXX
Next attempt Simple,complex and compound insa-Allah.
Sariful Islam (assistant of English) 
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